Since the late 1800s, virtually all livable country in the world has benn broken up into states. Prior to that, large areas without pretension or uninhabited, or inhabited by nomads without an organized state.
Currently there are more than 200 political associations which either claim to be or are recognized as states. 193 countries are full members of the United Nations, and 194 is often referred to as a number for how many states there are in the world. Aside from the 193 Member States, United Nations also accepts the Vatican as a state that does not have a vote in the UN, but only has observer status. The independence of the Vatican, is internationally recognized since 1929 and it also has authority over Italy in religious matters.
An interesting detail is that there are more than 200 states that claim to be recognized as a state. Australia has a list of no less than 240 countries and trading partners. And as curiosities, the international football federation, FIFA has 208 member countries!
Source: Wikipedia
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